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This research publication has been funded by the projects: AgroMOFs TED22021-13244B-I00, MOFCycle CNS2022-135779, and NAPOLION PID2022-139956OB-I00, TED2021-131345B-I00 PID2022-140422OB-I00, supported by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa"; B-FQM-394, ProyExcel_00105 and 00386, and PLSQ_00188 funded by Junta de Andalucia; and IB20092 supported by the Government of Extremadura and Project Action VI-03, supported by University of Extremadura, Spain. S.R. is grateful for the grant (RYC2021-032522-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and for El FSE invierte en tu futuro. P.S.-A. thanks Juan de la Cierva Grant JDC2022-048964-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR

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Luque Agudo, VeronicaAuthor

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Article

Calcium Medronate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Biomaterials

Publicated to:Crystal Growth & Design. 25 (5): 1415-1422 - 2025-02-20 25(5), DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.4c01478

Authors: Salcedo-Abraira, Pablo; Fernandez-Grajera, Maria; Guerrero-Roman, Francisco A; Rodriguez-Dieguez, Antonio; Luque-Agudo, Veronica; Gonzalez-Martin, Maria Luisa; Gallardo-Moreno, Amparo M; Rojas, Sara

Affiliations

Ctr Networked Biomed Res Bioengn Biomat & Nanomed, Badajoz 06006, Spain - Author
Univ Extremadura, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Badajoz 06006, Spain - Author
Univ Granada, Dept Inorgan Chem, Granada 18071, Spain - Author
Univ Inst Biomed Res INUBE, Badajoz 06006, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Sch Forest Engn & Nat Resources, Dept Nat Syst & Resources, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be prepared from bioactive molecules, which are released during the degradation of the material in the body. Particularly, MOFs have recently emerged as bisphosphonate (BP) drug delivery systems. In this work, two novel MOFs based on the smallest bisphosphonate medronic acid (MA) and calcium with formulas [Ca(CH4O6P2)H2O] (GR-MOF-23) and [Ca(CH4O6P2)CH3OH] (GR-MOF-24) in aqueous and/or methanolic solutions at room temperature were synthesized and fully characterized. The stability test performed in simulated physiological conditions (a phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH = 7.4, 10 mM) solution at 37 degrees C) showed a progressive Ca2+ leaching from both GR-MOF-23 and GR-MOF-24, achieving 38.0 +/- 2.8 and 35.8 +/- 3.9% release of calcium after 1 week of suspension. Interestingly, the recovered solid residues from the stability tests were identified as apatite and calcium phosphate phases, which might facilitate the formation of bone apatite and collagen. The antibacterial activity of GR-MOF-23 and GR-MOF-24 was investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, among the most relevant human pathogens, causing a wide variety of infections in bone fracture in osteoporosis and prosthesis. While both materials exhibited bacteria growth inhibition, GR-MOF-24 also showed a bactericide action, likely due to a more progressive release of Ca2+, which is the ion related to the improved stability of the biofilm. These innovative materials present exciting opportunities for developing antibacterial surfaces in prosthetics and the treatment of bone fracture infections.

Keywords

Bacterial adhesionBisphosphonatesDeliveryOsteoporosisReleas

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Crystal Growth & Design due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 201/439, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Multidisciplinary.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-22:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 2.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 1 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 5.2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).