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This research was part of the Scour Protection Jacket Project (SPJ) and was carried out with Iberdrola and GITECO. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Regional Government of Cantabria through the R&D program PROYECTOS DE I+D+i EN COOPERACION EN ENERGIAS RENOVABLES MARINAS-2016 (the RM-16-XX-029). Raul Guanche also acknowledges financial support from the Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2017-23260) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.

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Guanche, RaulCorresponding Author

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May 27, 2025
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Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Rock Scour Protection in Morphodynamic Environments for Offshore Wind Jackets

Publicated to:Energies. 14 (12): 3379- - 2021-06-01 14(12), DOI: 10.3390/en14123379

Authors: Sarmiento, Javier; Guanche, Raul; Iturrioz, Arantza; Ojanguren, Teresa; Avila, Alberto; Yanes, Cesar

Affiliations

Iberdrola Renovables Energia EIMA, C Tomas Redondo 1, Madrid 28033, Spain - Author
Scottish Power, 1 Tudor St, London EC4Y 0AH, England - Author
Univ Cantabria, PCTCAN, IHCantabria Inst Hidraul Ambiental, Isabel Torres 15, Santander 39011, Spain - Author

Abstract

Bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines are generally built on continental-shelf sections that are morphodynamically active due to their shallow depths and severe wave and current conditions. Such sites are commonly protected against scour to prevent the loss of structural stability. Scour protection can be designed using static or dynamic solutions. Designing dynamic protection requires experimental validation, especially for singular or unconventional structures. This article presents an experimental method for the laboratory analysis of scour protection for jacket foundations placed at morphodynamically active sites. The test campaign was conducted within the project East Anglia ONE (UK) as part of the asset owner studies and aimed to evaluate operation and maintenance (O&M) aspects, independent of the contractor's original design assessments. The physical experiments explored morphodynamic changes on the sea bottom and their importance to scour protection, as well as the importance of the history of the wave loads to the deformation of the rock scour protection. This was explored by repeating different cumulative tests, including a succession of randomly ordered sea states (Return Period (RP) 1-10-20-50 years). The experimental results show that the deformation of the rock sour protection was the greatest when the most energetic sea states occurred at the beginning of the experimental test campaign. The maximum deformation was at 5D50 when the first test was also the most energetic, while it was at 3D50 when not included as the first test, yielding a 40% reduction in the scour protection deformation.

Keywords

Continental shelvesDeformationExperimental evaluationExperimental methodsExperimental validationsFixed foundationLaboratory analysisOcean currentsOffshore oil well productionOperation and maintenancePhysical experimentsScourScour assessmentScour protectioScour protectionStabilityStructural stabilitiesTestingWind energy

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Energies due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category .

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.59, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-04, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 8
  • Google Scholar: 12

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-04:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 12 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United Kingdom.

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GUANCHE GARCIA, RAUL.