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Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness], Programa Estatal I + D, 2013-2016, Proy.: BIA2014-55089-P. Asociacion de Investigacion Tecnica de la Madera (AITIM), Proyect AITIM-Fucovasa 2012-2013 and Proyect AITIMFucovasa 2014-2015.

Analysis of institutional authors

Llana, Daniel F.AuthorBobadilla, IgnacioAuthor

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Article

Wood Density and Moisture Content Estimation by Drilling Chips Extraction Technique

Publicated to:Materials. 13 (7): E1699- - 2020-04-01 13(7), DOI: 10.3390/ma13071699

Authors: Martinez, Roberto D; Balmori, Jose-Antonio; Llana, Daniel F; Bobadilla, Ignacio

Affiliations

Timber Engn Res Grp, Nui Galway H91H X31, Ireland - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, MONTES Sch Forest Engn & Nat Resources, Dept Forest & Environm Engn & Management, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Valladolid, Timber Struct & Wood Technol Res Grp, Valladolid 47014, Spain - Author
UPM, Timber Construct Res Grp, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

The novelty of this study is the development of an accurate wood moisture content (MC) estimation method based on a relatively brand-new, non-destructive testing technique (drilling chips extraction). The method is especially important in the assessment of existing timber structures, where non-destructive testing (NDT) results are affected by wood MC and should be adjusted to a reference MC, usually 12%. In the assessment of timber structures, it is not possible to determine MC by oven drying method and this should be estimated. Electrical resistance and capacitance are the conventional methods used for MC estimation. This research work aims to present an accurate MC estimation method based on the drilling chips extraction technique. For that, 99 specimens (90 x 65 x 38 mm(3)) from three softwood and hardwood species covering a wide range of densities (from 355 to 978 kg m(-3)) were tested after conditioning at five different MCs (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%). The Wood Extractor device based on the drilling chips extraction technique was used. The mass of the chips collected (drilling residue) from each drill was recorded. The results show that the MC of the chips extracted was statistically significantly different than the MC of the specimen and cannot be directly used as MC determination. However, the chips MC can be used as an estimator of specimen MC with high determination coefficients (R-2 from 71% to 86%). As the main result, models to estimate density directly adjusted to a reference 12% MC from the wet and dry mass of chips extracted were developed with an R-2 of 98%. In sum, the drilling chips extractor is a dependable and straightforward method to estimate MC and density from only one measurement. Density adjusted to a reference 12% MC can be directly estimated from a single model.

Keywords

density estimationdrilling residuemc adjustmentnon-destructive testingtimber structures assessmentDensity estimationDrilling residueIn-situ assessmentLumberMc adjustmentMechanical-propertiesNon-destructive testingPenetrationTimber densityTimber structures assessmentUltrasonic velocityWood extractor

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-29:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 4
  • Europe PMC: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-29:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 31 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United Kingdom.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (BOBADILLA MALDONADO, IGNACIO).