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Martinez, MAuthorZehender, MhAuthorSvatek, SaAuthorAntolin, EAuthor

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August 16, 2021
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Reversible dehydration-hydration process in stable bismuth-based hybrid perovskites

Publicated to: Journal Of Materials Chemistry c. 9 (34): 11358-11367 - 2021-09-14 9(34), DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01730f

Authors:

Babaryk, A A; Perez, Y; Martinez, M; Mosquera, M E G; Zehender, M H; Svatek, S A; Antolin, E; Horcajada, P
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Affiliations

IMDEA Energy Inst, Adv Porous Mat Unit, Avda Ramon y Cajal 3, Madrid 28935, Spain - Author
Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Quim Organ & Quim Inorgan, Campus Univ, Alcala De Henares 28871, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, Avda Complutense 30, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Dept Biol & Geol, Fis & Quim Inorgan, Madrid 28933, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Lead-free hybrid perovskites have attracted significant attention due to the toxicity of lead and poor stability of lead hybrid perovskites. Among them, bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are currently being developed as they possess negligible toxicity, moderate price and great stability. Herein, we report the synthesis of two stable organic-inorganic perovskites based on one-dimensional iodobismuthates and the benzimidazolium cation (BzlmH)(+). Firstly, the BzImH[BiI](4)center dot H2O structure (IEF-4 RT-phase) was prepared using a simple and fast synthetic method at room temperature, leading to the dehydrated BzImH[BiI](4) (IEF-4 HT-phase) upon the removal of water by soft heating. This dehydration-hydration process, which has never been reported for Bi-based perovskites, is fully reversible, affecting the optoelectronic properties of the solid, with an optical bandgap of similar to 2 eV. Furthermore, this perovskite material formed stable and homogeneous thin films, which exhibited a high absorption coefficient (1.5 x 10(5) cm(-1)) comparable to that of the CH3NH3PbI3 lead perovskite. Thus, both the optoelectronic properties and air stability of these perovskites make them suitable as absorber materials in solar cells.
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Keywords

Absorber materialAbsorption co-efficientBi-based perovskiteBismuthComplexesCrystalDehydrationEfficiencyHalideHomogeneous thin filmHydrationHydration processIodideLead-free perovskiteOptoelectronic propertiesOrganic-inorganicPerformancePerovskiteQualitySolar absorbersStabilitySynthetic methodsToxicity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Materials Chemistry c due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 24/161, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Applied.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.09, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-12-24, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 19
  • Scopus: 19
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-24:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 17.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 17 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).
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Awards linked to the item

The authors acknowledge CESOLMAT project from the Ayudas a la Investigacion 2019-Iberdrola Foundation, National MICIU project Retos "MOFseidon'' PID2019-104228RB-I00 and MADRID-PV2-CM/EMT-4308 project from Comunidad deMadrid. This work has been funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Grant RTI2018-096937-B-C21. M. H. Z. is grateful to Universidad Politecnica de Madrid for funding through the Predoctoral Grant Programme. M. M. acknowledges an FPI Predoctoral Fellowship (PRE2019-087894), S. A. S. acknowledges a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (FJC2018-036517-I) and E. A. acknowledges a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2015-18539), all three funded by theMinistry of Science and Innovation of Spain.
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