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Grant support

This research was funded by the Spanish government through the Research and Development project "Energy Rehabilitation of Tertiary Buildings in Mediterranean Climate by Optimizing Solar Protection Systems" (ref BIA2014-53949-R). This research was also funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spanish Government and the European Regional Development Fund.

Analysis of institutional authors

Maria Calama-Gonzalez, CarmenCorresponding Author

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November 4, 2024
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Thermal and Lighting Consumption Savings in Classrooms Retrofitted with Shading Devices in a Hot Climate

Publicated to:Energies. 11 (10): 2790- - 2018-10-01 11(10), DOI: 10.3390/en11102790

Authors: Maria Calama-Gonzalez, Carmen; Suarez, Rafael; Luis Leon-Rodriguez, Angel

Affiliations

Univ Seville, Inst Univ Arquitectura & Ciencias Construcc, Escuela Tecn Super Arquitectura, Av Reina Mercedes 2, Seville 410012, Spain - Author

Abstract

Most educational buildings in southern Spain do not meet current energy requirements as weak thermal envelopes and the lack of cooling systems lead to severe discomfort in classrooms, especially when temperatures are above 30 degrees C. Given that global warming is expected to worsen this situation in coming decades, one of the first steps to be taken is to protect window openings from high levels of solar radiation by adding shading devices to reduce indoor temperatures and improve visual comfort. The aim of this research is to evaluate the reduction in thermal and lighting consumption in a classroom where a solar protection system in the form of an egg-crate shading device was installed. Two classroomsone with an egg-crate device and another with no shading systemwere monitored and compared for a whole year. The use of an egg-crate device in these classrooms reduced indoor operative temperatures during warmer periods while also improving indoor natural illuminance levels. Moreover, annual electric air conditioning consumption decreased by approximately 20%, with a 50% reduction in electric lighting consumption. These savings in electricity were largely conditioned by the use patterns observed in these ambient systems.

Keywords

ComfortDaylightDesigEnergy consumptionEnergy demandEnergy performanceEnergy savingsIlluminanceImpactMediterranean climateOffice buildingsOverheatinPerformanceSchool buildingsShading devicesSolar radiationStrategies

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Energies due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 4.14, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Oct 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-10-17, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-10-17:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 41 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (CALAMA GONZALEZ, CARMEN MARIA) .

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been CALAMA GONZALEZ, CARMEN MARIA.